Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Sabarmati Ashram.

Key Points

• On 12 March 1930, Dandi March was undertaken from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi by Gandhiji.
• To achieve the goal of Complete independence, Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was started by Gandhiji with the Dandi March.
• He started his march along with 78 followers from Sabarmati Ashram to the small village Dandi to break the Salt Law.
• The march lasted from 12th March 1930 to 6th April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.

Additional Information

• Gandhian Era:
  • Mahatma Gandhi was in South Africa when he was summoned by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, after which he returned to India in 1915.
  • The period from 1915-1948 can be construed as the ‘Gandhian era’ in Indian National Movement.
  • The period between 1919 to independence is marked by three important struggles –
    • Non-cooperation movement of 1919
    • Civil Disobedience movement of 1930, with its call for complete independence
    • The famous Quit Indian Movement of 1942. 

• In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a saviour and the spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).
• According to Jains, a Tirthankara is a rare individual who has conquered the saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth on his own and has made a path for others to follow.

The correct answer is Amalanand Ghosh.

Important Points

• kali Bangan was discovered by Amalanand Ghosh in 1951 A.D.
• Amalanand Ghosh was the director of the Archeological Survey of India from 1953 to 1968.
• He is well known for his investigations in Pachmarhi, Taxila, Arikamedu, and Harappa.
• Most extensive work on Kalibangan was done by Amalanand Ghosh in 1951-55 and later by BB Lal & B K Thapar in 1961.

Additional Information

• kali Bangan is in the Hanumanghar district of Rajasthan, which is located near the banks of the river Ghaggar.
• kali Bangan means black bangles, the black bangle factory remains were seen in this region.
• Leg bone of the elephant was found in Kali Bangan.
• Archeologists discovered two platforms with fire altars for the practice of the cult of sacrifice.
• B.B. Lal and B.K Thapar also investigated on Kali Bangan site in 1961 A.D. 

• Daya Ram Sahni - Harappan civilization
• Ratan Lal Mishra - Ganeshwar civilization
• V N Mishra - Bagore civilization

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Battle of Haldighati was fought in 1576 between Maharana Pratap and nd the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces, led by Man Singh I of Amber. Hence 2 is correct.
  • In this war, Maharana Pratap mainly got the support of the Bhil tribe.
  • This battle was one of the shortest in Indian history, lasting only four hours.
  • It is said that after the Battle of Haldighat, Rana Pratap continued to attack the Mughals with guerrilla warfare techniques.
  • He stayed in the hills and from there harassed the large Mughal army in the camps.
  • He ensured that the Mughal soldiers would never live in peace in Mewar.
• The Battle of Dewair 1582 was fought between Maharana Pratap and Mughal officer Sultan Khan. Hence 3 is correct.
  • Maharana Pratap attacked the Mughal fortification of Dewair which was led by the Mughal officer Sultan Khan.
  • Maharana Pratap's son Amar Singh killed Sultan Khan and the Mughal army was forced to give up Dewair and retreat.
  • 32000 Mughal army surrendered to Maharana Pratap.
  • After the Battle of Dewair, Maharana Pratap continued his campaign and by 1586 AD had regained most of Mewar other than Chittor, Ajmer, and Mandalgarh. 
• The Battle of Khanwa was a decisive engagement between the Mughal forces under Babur and the Rajput alliance under Rana Sanga of Mewar. Hence 1 is incorrect
  • The battle was fought on 16 March 1527.
  • It ended in a decisive victory for the Mughal forces and would consolidate Babur and his descendants’ rule for centuries to come.

Key Points

• The civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi.
• The observance of Independence Day in 1930 was followed by the launching of the Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhi.
• It began with the famous Dandi March of Gandhi. On 12 March 1930, Gandhi left the Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmadabad on foot with 78 other members of the Ashram for Dandi, a village on the western sea-coast of India, at a distance of about 385 km from Ahmadabad.
• They reached Dandi on 6 April 1930. There, Gandhi broke the salt law.
• It was illegal for anyone to make salt as it was a government monopoly.
• Gandhi defied the government by picking up a handful of salt which had been formed by the evaporation of sea.
• The defiance of the salt law was followed by the spread of Civil Disobedience Movement all over the country.
• Making of salt spread throughout the country in the first phase of the civil disobedience movement, it became a symbol of the people’s defiance of the government.

Additional Information​

• It shattered people’s faith in the British Government and laid the social root for the freedom struggle, and popularised the new method of propaganda like the prabhat pheris, pamphlets etc.
• It ended the exploitative salt policy of British was followed by the defiance of forest law in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Central province and the refusal  to pay the rural ‘Chaukidari tax’ in Eastern India.