Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Ganeshwar civilization: The Ganeshwar civilization was first founded in 1977 according to historian Ratan Lal Mishra. This Ganeshwar civilization is more than 4000 years old and the estimated time period was 2500 - 2000 BCE.
  • He founded red and black pottery and thousand pieces of copper.
  • this culture is related to the pre-Harappan period and the main sources of copper nearby the Aravalli range. 
• Gilund civilization: Gilund civilization was founded in three faces divided as late, middle, & Early-Ahar-Banas.
  • Late Ahar Banas (2000 - 1700 BC)
  • Middle Ahar Banas (2500 - 2000 BC)
  • Early Ahar Banas (3000 - 2500 BC)
• Kalibangan civilization: The Kalibangan civilization is older than 4000 BC. Prof Amlanand Ghosh rediscovered the Kalibangan site in 1952. This Rajasthan civilization was the first metropolis state in India. The shreds of evidence are as follows
  • fortification walls, mud-bricks, etc.
  • Pottery, a sign of successful Harappan.
  • Outstanding discovery of plowed fields.

The correct answer is Chanhudaro.

Key Points

• The Harappan site of Chanhudaro was excavated by N.G. Mazumdar in 1931.
• Chanhudaro is located near the banks of the river Indus.
• Chanhudaro is located near Mohenjodaro in present-day Sindh, Pakistan.
• Only Harappan city without a citadel.
• Beads factory was found.
• Evidence of human sacrifice was found here.
• Chanhudaro didn't have any fortified structure.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Vasudeva.

• According to the Bijolia inscription, Vasudeva ruler of the Chauhan dynasty built Sambhar lake.

Key Points

• Sambhar lake
  • Sambhar lake is located in Jaipur.
  • Its importance is primarily because it is the largest inland saline lake in India.
  • Its ancient name was also Shakambhari.
  • Prithviraj Vijaya states that Vasudeva received the Sambhar Salt Lake as a gift from a vidyadhara (a supernatural being).
  • The Bijolia inscription of his descendant Someshvara states that the lake was built by Vasudeva.

Additional Information

• Lakes in Rajasthan
  • Saline (Salt) Water lakes
    • Deedwana,
    • Lunkaransar,
    • Sambhar,
    • Panchpadra etc.
  • Fresh (Sweet) Water lakes
    • Pichhola,
    • Jaisamand,
    • Rajsamand,
    • Ana Sagar etc.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• Champaran Satyagrah:-
  • The Champaran Satyagrah holds an important position in the Indian Independence Movement.
  • The tenant farmers were forced to grow Indigo crops instead of food crops.
  • The indigo and cash crops were bought by the British at very low prices which resulted in extreme poverty. Also, the British officials were hostile to the poor farmers and levied huge taxes on them.
  • This developed anger among the tenant farmers and Indian journalists like Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi and Peer Muneesh published the sufferings of Champaran people in their publications.
  • When the situation became unbearable, the farmers revolted against the government in indigo plant cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and in 1916 at (Turkaulia).
  • People like Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla and Sant Raut persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problem of peasants. Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla was himself an oppressed Indigo cultivator of the region. Hence, Statement 1 is Not correct.
  • At the request of these people, Gandhiji along with his team, that included people like Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad,  Prasad, Maulana Mazharul Haque, Babu Gaya Prasad Singh, Ramnavmi Prasad, J.B. Kripalani, etc., arrived in Champaran in April 1917 and stayed at the house of Sant Raut in Amolwa village. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • Gandhi's team of lawyers comprising Babu Braj Kishore Prasad, Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad surveyed the villages and tried to find out the injustice done to the peasants.
  • Gandhiji organized protests and strikes against the landlords who signed agreements with the British government, as the provisions of the agreement were detrimental to the poor tenant farmers.
  • Gandhiji received titles like 'Bapu' and 'Mahatma' during this agitation. He preferred to be called 'Bapu'.

🔑 Key Points

• Dayaram Sahni carried out the first extensive excavations at Harappa in 1921, leading to its identification as a major site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• R.D. Banerji is credited with the discovery of Mohenjo-Daro in 1922.
• John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the time and officially announced the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization to the world.
• Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the ASI, and while he investigated Harappa in the 19th century, he did not recognize its significance as part of a lost civilization.