Question Discussion & Solution

Surkotada is situated in Kutchh district of Gujarat.

• It is the only Indus Valley site where the remains of a horse have actually been found.
• Kalibangan is situated in Hanumangarh, Rajasthan.
• Banawali is situated in Hisar, Haryana.
• Mohenjo Daro is situated in Larkana, Sindh.

The correct answer is Shri Ram Bajpai.

Key Points

• Shri Ram Bajpai founded the Sava Samiti Boy Scouts Association in the year 1914 in Bombay.
• On the lines of the worldwide Baden-Powell Organisations, which at that time banned Indians from joining it.
• Though later Baden-Powell, after a private visit to India, lifted the colour bar, Bajpai's organization continued its separate existence, for it had the aim of bringing about the complete Indianisation of the Boy Scout movement in India.  
• About Lord Baden-Powell
  • He was a British general and founder of the modern Scouting movement.
    Baden-Powell became a national hero during the Boer war of 1899-1900 when, with a small garrison, he commanded the defence of Mafeking.
  • During the Boer War, Baden-Powell wrote a book "A Guide to Scout". This was published in 1903 and was a best-seller.
  • Initially meant for military purposes, after the war, he felt it could be used as a focus for young boys to give them more meaning in life.
  • This led to the creation of the Scout Movements. During his lifetime it grew to be a respected international organisation.

Additional Information

• Seva Samiti
  • It was another organization founded by a prominent member of the Servants of India Society, Hridayanath Kunzru.
  • Founded in 1914 at Allahabad, the Seva Samiti had as its objective to organize social service during natural disasters like floods and epidemics, to promote the spread of education, cooperation, sanitation, uplift depressed classes, reform criminals and rescue the fallen.
• ​Hridya Nath Kunzru-
  • He was an Indian freedom fighter and public figure. He was a long-time Parliamentarian, serving in various legislative bodies at the Provincial and Central levels for nearly four decades.
  • He was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India that drew up the Constitution of India. 
  • He was one of the members of the Servants of India Society, founded in 1914 the Seva Samiti at Allahabad.
  • In addition to the promotion of education, sanitation, physical culture, etc., it organises social service during fairs, famines, floods, epidemics, and especially on the occasion of religious festivals like the Kumbha Mela.
• Annie Besant
  • She was a prominent British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule.
  • She became a prominent speaker for the National Secular Society (NSS) and writer and a close friend of Charles Bradlaugh.
  • In 1877 they were prosecuted for publishing a book by birth control campaigner Charles Knowlton. The scandal made them famous, and Bradlaugh was elected M.P. for Northampton in 1880.
  • She became involved with union actions including the Bloody Sunday demonstration and the London matchgirls strike of 1888.
  • She was a leading speaker for the Fabian Society and the Marxist Social Democratic Federation (SDF).
  • In 1890 Besant met Helena Blavatsky and over the next few years, her interest in theosophy grew while her interest in secular matters waned.
  • She became a member of the Theosophical Society and a prominent lecturer on the subject.

The correct answer is Bagore.

Key Points

• Bagore civilization: 
  • It is situated in Bhilwara on the bank of the Kothari river.
  • It was excavated by V.N. Misra and L.S. Laishnik.
  • It has evidence of the most ancient animal rearing of India.
  • It is also known as the museum of primitive culture.
  • Swastik sign was used there for Vastu dosh prevention.

Additional Information

• Raid is situated on the bank of the Dheel river in Tonk.
  • It is known as ancient India's Tatanagar.
• Gilund is situated on the bank of the Banas River in Rajsamand.
  • It was excavated by Prof. Brijvasi Lal in 1957-58 AD.
• Bairat or ancient Viratnagar, the capital of Matsyadesa, is said to have been founded by king Virat, in whose kingdom the five Pandavas spent the thirteenth year of exile in disguise. 

The correct answer is All the above.

Additional Information 

• In 1927, the All India States People’s Conference was held in Bombay after which the congress allowed people from the different Princely States to join the party and the Indian Freedom Struggle.
• In 1927 itself, the Akhil Bhartiya Desi Rajya Lok Parishad or All India Native States Public Council was established in Bombay and Vijay Singh Pathik became its chairperson.
• In Rajasthan, Rajputana Desi Lok Parishad or Rajputana Native States Public Council was established.
• These councils laid the foundation for the Praja Mandal movement in Rajasthan.
• Nature of the Praja Mandal Movements:
  • The people of Praja Mandal fought against Feudalism and colonialism.
  • The people of the Praja Mandal movement fought against their feudal princes and the British administration simultaneously for their rights.
  • The main demand of the Praja Mandal movements was democratic (fundamental) rights.

The correct answer is 1936 AD.

• The All India Farmers Union is also known as Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha was formed in April 1936 in the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress. 

Key Points

• It is an organization that worked for the peasants and the rights of the farmers and against the feudal movement in India. 
• Sahajanand Saraswati was the first president of All India Kisan Sabha and was the founder of Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha and was also an important pillar of the Bihar Kisan Sabha Movement.
• NG Ranga was secretary of All India Kisan Sabha
• Under Rajendra Prasad, a committee was set up to study the conditions of farmers.
• The main aim of Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha was to abolish the zamindari system, institutionalize credit, and reduce land revenue.