Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is 1940.

• The Lahore Resolution was passed by the Muslim league in 1940.

Key Points

• Mohammed Ali Jinnah called the general session of the All India Muslim League in Lahore on 22-24 March 1940.
  • The Lahore Resolution, popularly described as the Pakistan Resolution was passed in this session.
  • The resolution was for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India.
  • Prominent figures in the session-
    • Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
    • AK Fazlul Huq led the Bengal Muslim League contingent
    • Chief Ministers of Bengal and Punjab

Important Points

• The Lahore Resolution was a formal statement, which sought the creation of a separate Muslim state.
  • The political statement, written by Zafarullah Khan and other prominent members of the ‘All-India Muslim League,’ proposed the creation of an ‘independent state’ based on a predominantly Muslim population.
  • When the resolution was put forth by the then Chief Minister of undivided Bengal, A. K. Fazl ul Huq, people started using the word ‘Pakistan’ quite frequently as the Hindu leaders described the resolution as a demand to create Pakistan.
  • Hence, the ‘Lahore Resolution’ is considered a landmark document in Pakistan’s history.
  • A monument called ‘Minar-e-Pakistan’ stands in Lahore to commemorate the famous resolution.
  • March 23 is observed as a national holiday in Pakistan to celebrate Republic Day and to commemorate the Lahore Resolution.

The correct answer is (A) - (2), (B) - (4), (C) - (1), (D) - (3).

Key Points

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• Servants of Indian Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905.
• Bombay Presidency Association was founded by Pheroz Shah Mehta in 1885.
• Theosophical Society was founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.

Additional Information 

Pherozeshah Mehta

• Pherozeshah Mehta is also known as the 'Father of Municipal Government in India'.
• He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
• He was the president of the Calcutta Session of INC in 1890.
• Mehta was appointed as Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University in 1910.
• He founded the Bombay Presidency Association in 1885.
• He helped found the Central Bank of India, financed and controlled by Indian interests in 1911.

Atmaram Pandurang

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• He was one of the two Indian co-founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.
• Atmaram Pandurang served briefly as sheriff of Bombay in 1879.

Gopala Krishna Gokhale

• Gopala Krishna Gokhale is popularly known as the 'Socrates of Maharashtra'.
• He is the founder of 'Servants of Indian Society' in 1905.
• The political Guru of Gokhale was M. G. Ranade.
• He was the President of the Benarus Session of INC in 1905.
• Gandhiji regarded him as the Political Guru.
• Tilak called Gokhale the 'Diamond of India'.

Madame Blavatsky

• Helena Petrovna Blavatsky often known as Madame Blavatsky
• Madame Blavatsky was a Russian philosopher.
• She gained an international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy.
• Theosophical Society was co-founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.

The correct answer is 1526.

Key Points

• First Battle of Panipat( 1526)
  • The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire, which took place on 21 April 1526 in North India.
  • Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in this battle.
  • It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire.
  • This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowders firearms and field artillery.
• Second Battle of Panipat (1556)
  • The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Akbar, on November 5, 1556.
  • It was a decisive victory for Akbar’s generals Khan Zaman I and Bairam Khan.
• Third Battle of Panipat( 1761)
  • The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761, at Panipat, about 60 miles (95.5 km) north of Delhi.
  • It was fought between a northern expeditionary force of the Maratha Empire and a coalition of the King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani with two Indian Muslim allies—the Rohilla Afghans of the Doab, and Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Oudh.
  • The Durrani Afghan forces and their allies finally won and defeated the Marathas.

The correct answer is an attempt to murder the district judge of Muzaffarpur.

• The Alipore Bombay Case Trial refers to an attempt to murder the district judge of Muzaffarpur.
• Aurobindo Ghosh was defended by Chittaranjas Das in the Alipore bomb case.
• The Alipore Bomb case conspiracy took place in the year 1908.
• It is also known as the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy or Muraripukar conspiracy.
• Douglas Kingsford the unpopular British Chief Magistrate was the target of the bomb thrown at Muzaffarpur (Northern Bihar).
• The Revolutionaries who threw the bomb were Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose.
• The carriage at which the bomb was thrown does not contain Kingsford but contains two English ladies who died in the attack.
• Prafulla Chaki committed suicide and Khudiram Bose was arrested and sentenced to death when he was only 18 years old.
• The other people tried in the case were Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh, Satyendranath Bose, Kanailal Dutt, and more than thirty others.
• They all were members of the Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta now Kolkata.

The correct answer is Bijolia Inscription.

• Bijolian (Vindhyavali) is famous for two rock inscriptions, both dated A.D. 1170.
  • One inscription provides the genealogy of the Chahamanas of Ajmer.
  • Other is a Jaina poem called Uttama Sikhara Purana.
• This latter inscription, incised near the shrine door of the temple of Parsvanatha, records the obeisance of Manoratha, son of Mahidhara.
• This spot gained such a wide reputation and became so holy to the Digambara Jainas that a mythological treatise called the Uttama Sikhara Purana was composed and engraved on a large rock nearby.

Key Points

• The ancient site of Bijolian (Vindhyavali) assumed importance as a holy place for the Jainas and Saivas.
• Of the two rock inscriptions, the one dated V.S. 1226 belonging to the Chahamanas records the genealogy of the Chahamanas up to the coronation of Somesvara and mentions names of several Brahmanical temples, then existing in Vindhyavali and neighbouring places.

Additional Information

• Barli Inscription, Ajmer: 
  • Barli inscription which had been discovered in the year 1912, is the oldest inscription in history which is showing Veer Samvat and no other inscription before Ashoka period has been discovered till date in the world.
  • It reveals that Jaina cult was prevalent in Madhyamika.
• Gosundi Inscription, Chittor:
  • Mentions Asvamedha Yajna by King Sarvatata.
  • Mentions about Krishna & Sankarshana (Balram)
• Ghatiyala Inscription, Jodhpur:
  • Information related to political, social & religious policies of Pratihara dynasty.