Question Discussion & Solution

By 1900 BC many Indus cities had been abandoned. Historians believe things started to fall apart around 1700 BC. There were many factors which led to the collapse of Harrapan civilisation-

One important factor was the changes to the geography and climate of the area.

• Located on the bank of Indus River in the southern province of Sindh, Mohenjodaro was built around 2400 BC. It was destroyed at least seven times by the floods and rebuilt on the top of ruins each time as there is evidence of silt on houses and streets of the civilisation.
• The main cities were closely linked to the river, so changes in the river flow would have had a terrible effect on them. Repeated flooding may have led to a build-up of salt in the soil, making it hard to grow crops.
• It is believed that at the same time, the Ghagger Hakra River (another river in the area) dried up. People were forced to abandon many of the cities located along its banks, such as Kalibangan and Banawali. 

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The correct answer is option 1 i.e The Rakhigarhi.

• Rakhigarhi is a village in Haryana.
  • Rakhigarhi villages of Haryana have one of the world's oldest ancient Indus Valley Civilization sites.
  • Located in the Sarasvati river plain.
  • It is one of the famous sites of a pre-Indus Valley Civilisation.
  • Part of the mature Indus Valley Civilisation, dating to 2600-1900 BCE.
  • The Global Heritage Fund, declared Rakhigarhi one of the ten most endangered heritage sites in Asia in 2011.
  • The  Archaeological Survey of India excavated Rakhigarhi for three times.
• Mitathal is another Indus Valley Civilisation site in Haryana.
• Sisai is an Indus Valley Civilization site and village in Haryana.
• Bass is a municipal committee town situated in the geometrical centre of Haryana.

King Ashoka was the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning the Kalinga war.

• The Kalinga war was fought between Maury Empire and the state of Kalinga which located on the east coast.
• King Ashoka gave up conquest after winning the Kalinga war because he realized the violence, he had done to become a world champion and from that very moment, he decided to walk on a path of non-violence.
• King Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled from c. 268 to 232 BCE.
• The founder of Maurya Dynasty was the Chandragupta Maurya.

The correct answer is Rajasthan Kesari.

• Rajasthan Kesari:
  • Vijay Singh Pathik was the editor of this newspaper.
  • It started its publishing in 1920.
  • It played an important role in the peasant movement in Bijoliya.
  • Shri Jamnalal Bajaj provided financial assistance to this newspaper.
• Vijay Singh Pathik:
  • Famously known as Rashtriya Pathik.
  • He was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter.

Additional Information

• Rajputana Gazette:
  • Maulvi Murad Ali, also known as ‘Bimar’, published this newspaper in 1885. 
• Rajasthan Samachar:
  • Shri Munshi edited this newspaper. 

The correct answer is Karam Shah.

Key Points

• The Pagal Panth was a religious order founded by Karim Shah in the Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bengal.
• The philosophy of this Panth was to follow religious harmony and non-violence incorporating tenets of Sufism, Hinduism, and animism.
• Under Karim Shah’s son Tipu Shah, the order revolted against the British government by organizing peasant rebellions. They were against the oppressive tax regime of the British.
• Tipu Shah captured Sherpur in 1825 and ruled over the Sherpur and Mymensingh areas till the 1850s.

Additional Information

• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a brilliant intellectual and a striking master of debate. He was a versatile genius performing several roles during his entire working career, such as linguist, polymath, sociologist, historian, philosopher, writer, grammarian, ascetic, revolutionary, Marxist, and politician.
  • Swami Sahajanand formed a smaller Kisan Sabha in the Patna district in association with a formal organizational structure.
  • Later in 1929, he established the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS).
• Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet, a humanist, and philosopher.
  • His real name was Abdullah Shah.
  • His poetry highlights his mystical spiritual voyage through the four stages of Sufism: Shariat (Path), Tariqat (Observance), Haqiqat (Truth), and Marfat (Union).